Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, scientifically known as Schizophrenia, is a mental disorder characterized by a decrease in the ability to think and a lack of typical emotions.
Symptoms such as hallucinations, hearing noises or voices in the conscious mind turn into negative and positive emotions, the interaction causes unclear reactions and behaviors of the patient, often with Hatred of others, relatives, friends… It is also a cause of anti-social psychology, the patient is unaware of their behavior, loses control, has thought disorders, is insensitive and lacks motivation. vitality, memory instability. Schizophrenia causes neurological dysfunction, greatly affecting work and society.
A small impact can also cause the patient to lose consciousness, have cognitive disorders, panic, anger… the patient’s uncontrolled behavior and actions.
Schizophrenia is detected in many age groups, accounting for 0.3 – 0.7% of the global population.
Terms: Schizophrenia scientific name, Skhizein (“Division”) Greek root term Phren (Mind). Schizophrenia refers to the division of personality, psychology… However, the term also means “Separation of mental functions” reflecting the symptoms of the disease.
Disease diagnosis is diagnosed through the patient’s behavior.

Causes of schizophrenia.

• Overthinking.
• Using nerve stimulants.
• Jealousy, jealousy, self-comparison… will cause schizophrenia.
  Types of schizophrenia:
  Paranoid schizophrenia: Paranoid schizophrenia is a mental illness caused by overthinking or by psychoactive drugs, such as alcohol, beer, drugs, hallucinogens … will gradually create addiction syndromes, hallucinogenic syndromes… leading to uncontrolled behavior.
  Overthinking causes paranoid schizophrenia. It causes mixed positive and negative emotions in the mind, causing difficult-to-control behavior of the patient.
  Pathological schizophrenia: There are two types of recurring pathological schizophrenia, the type of mental illness caused by Overthinking and jealousy, anger, comparison, etc., leading to manifestations such as autism, not self-esteem. communicate, do not want to receive information from outside.
• Positive Symptoms.
• Negative Symptoms.
  Positive symptoms are also called psychotic symptoms. Many people with schizophrenia have frightening cognitive complications. A common symptom is that hallucinations do not come from real stimuli, but due to hallucinations that cause abnormal psychology and behavior, such as voices in the mind that are not real, also known as illusory hearing or hearing and speech disorders. and think.
  Positive symptoms are also considered a cause of paranoid schizophrenia.
  Many schizophrenic patients suffer from paranoia, or have particularly bizarre beliefs, no matter how ridiculous. In the worst cases, patients do their best and stubbornly defend their delusional beliefs despite evidence to the contrary appearing before their eyes. Anxiety is another characteristic of delusions. During the acute psychosis cycle, the patient cannot stop thinking about those untrue beliefs. And finally, patients with paranoia may not care or think about what other people say about their beliefs.
  Although there are many types of delusions, most of them are of the individual type. These beliefs are not shared with family members or the community. Common delusions that patients have include thoughts being inserted into their brain, other people being able to read their thoughts, or the patient being controlled by some mysterious supernatural power. These beliefs are fragmentary and incoherent fragments that form a complete system throughout consciousness, and are not frequently expressed by the patient.
  Schizophrenia Hallucinations:
  Illusion is a perception without an object. Hallucinations can be in any sense (for example, auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, olfactory hallucinations, tactile hallucinations, gustatory hallucinations) but auditory hallucinations are the most common and have high diagnostic value for schizophrenia.

• Audio hallucinations occur in 60-70% of patients with schizophrenia. The patient hears voices that are not real, but are believed by the patient to be real. They are often divided into real hallucinations and false hallucinations.

The content of hallucinations can be very different. Based on the content, people are divided into the following types of hallucinations:

• Phantom comments are the voices of people praising or criticizing the patient, but insulting or threatening the patient is the most common.
• Illusory voice urging or commanding: is a voice urging or ordering the patient to do something. Usually, the patient cannot resist the orders given by the hallucinogen.
• Hallucinations are the sound of people talking to the patient: the patient talks with hallucinations (like we talk on the phone) in which outsiders can see the patient talking loudly to himself.
• Audio hallucinations are two or more voices conversing with each other or voices commenting on the patient’s thoughts and behavior.
• Visual hallucinations: are images that are not real but are seen by the patient as real. Visual hallucinations occur in 10% of patients with schizophrenia; they have less diagnostic value for schizophrenia than auditory hallucinations. Visions can have pleasant, cheerful content; However, hallucinations are often terrifying images that make patients very worried and scared. Patients may have dangerous behaviors such as hitting people and committing suicide due to the influence of hallucinations.
• Tactile hallucinations: rare in schizophrenia and of little diagnostic value for this disease. The patient feels like there are insects crawling under the skin and a snake is crawling in the patient’s stomach.

Strange language:

• Youthful language is a very valuable diagnostic symptom in schizophrenia. This symptom is often only seen in juvenile schizophrenia. The patient’s thinking (speech) is very chaotic, strange, and difficult to understand.
  Strange behavior:
• Strange behavior is a severe behavioral disorder, very valuable in diagnosing schizophrenia. This symptom is common in juvenile and undifferentiated schizophrenia.
• These behaviors can manifest in varying degrees, from restless pacing to agitation. These behaviors are often very ridiculous, superficial, strange, and difficult to understand.

Catatonia behavior:

Catatonia behavior includes:

• Catatonia stupor: is a clear decrease in reactions to all environmental influences. In some cases, reaching an excessive level of unconsciousness, the patient remains in one position for a long time.
• Catatonia agitation: is agitation due to muscle tension. These excitements are very ridiculous and bizarre but only appear in narrow spaces (on the bed, in the room) and not in large spaces like mania.
• Catatonia negation means the patient resists all external influences. For example, when we pull the patient’s hand out, the patient’s hand bends to resist.
• Catatonia is when the patient stays in some unreasonable and strange position for a long time (for example, when we raise the patient’s hand to the head in a greeting position, the patient will maintain that position for hours). ). In clinical practice, people often do the air pillow test, where the patient can keep their head in a position that does not touch the bed for dozens of minutes.
• If the catatonia is too severe, the patient will not respond to external stimuli but will just lie still.

Negative Schizophrenia:
Negative symptoms are deficits in specific emotional, linguistic, or motor responses. And because of that, it is often very subtle at first and harder to detect than positive symptoms. It is also more likely to be stable over time than positive symptoms because positive symptoms vary in severity as the patient goes in and out of psychotic cycles.

One of the typical symptoms of the negative form is that the patient does not express any emotions, which is called “diminished emotional expression” or “blunt emotional effect”. (blunted affect). Patients with this condition often do not show any signs of emotions or thoughts. They are neither happy nor sad, and seem indifferent to their surroundings. Their faces were expressionless and indifferent. The voice does not have a rising or falling rhythm – which shows the speaker’s emotions. The events happening around them mean nothing to them. They can be completely indifferent to themselves and those around them.

Another form of emotional deprivation is the inability to feel pleasure. While lack of emotion refers to a lack of surface response, inability to feel pleasure is a type of lack of positive feelings. People with this symptom do not feel interested in any physical activities and social relationships. They cannot find joy in it. At the same time, they may also lose their sense of taste and touch.

Many people with schizophrenia become socially isolated. In many cases, this isolation develops before symptoms develop. It is both a symptom and a strategy that many patients use to cope with their other symptoms. For example, they may limit communication with others to reduce the level of stimulation that could make their perceptual and cognitive disturbances worse. This isolation is often accompanied by hesitation, conflicting thoughts, and a lack of motivation to do anything. They can sit all day in a chair, not bothering to move a glass, or not bother to comb their hair or shower for weeks at a time.

Another type of negative symptom is language disturbance. One type of this symptom is called “poverty of speech”, where the patient minimizes the amount of language spoken too much. They seem to have nothing to say. Another type is “blocked thinking”, where the patient’s train of thought is stopped before a thought or idea can form.
Organizational disorder
Some symptoms of schizophrenia are difficult to classify as positive or negative. Therefore, disturbing thoughts and odd behavior represent the third aspect of this disease, and are called disorganization.

An important symptom in the set of symptoms of schizophrenia is disorganized speech. It involves the tendency for what the patient says to make no sense or to make no sense at all. Signs of disorganized language are answering sentences that have nothing to do with the question, disjointed ideas that are not connected, and using words in unusual ways. This symptom is also called “thought disorder”. Common characteristics of disorganized language are changing conversation topics too suddenly, answering questions that are not relevant to the question, or repeating the same word or phrase over and over again.

Abnormal body movements.
People with schizophrenia also have limb stiffness or muscle stiffness, leading to unable to move normally. In the most severe cases, the patient may maintain an abnormal, stiff position when standing or sitting for long periods of time. For example, some patients will lie flat on their back but braced, with their head raised slightly as if they were resting their head on a pillow. Patients with this condition often refuse to change positions even though maintaining this position will cause them extreme discomfort and pain.

To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, the patient must have at least two of the above symptoms, and have been active for at least a month. At the same time, that person’s life, work and personal relationships must be severely affected compared to before the illness began. However, if you have read my previous articles about mental illness, you will probably recognize that some negative symptoms of schizophrenia are similar to clinical depression. Therefore, symptoms must be in the absence of depression and mania to be considered schizophrenia. (Tâm thần phân liệt).

” tâm thần phân liệt, Schizophrenia, 精神分裂症, 精神分裂症, Esquizofrenia, Schizofrenia, Schizophrenie, Шизофрения, โรคจิตเภท, 統合失調症, 薬, 神経内科, y học thần kinh, y học tâm thần, y học cổ đại, ancient medicine,

(Wikiperdia)

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