Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine was a foreign policy position of the United States against European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere. It held that any interference in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers was a potentially hostile act against the United States. This doctrine was central to America’s grand strategy in the 20th century.

In the first decades of the 19th century, the revolutionary movement in Central and South America broke out strongly, and the idea of freedom had stirred up the Latin American people since the time the British colonies in North America gained independence. And by 1822, all the countries in the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking regions of the Americas – from Argentina and Chile in the South to Mexico in the North – had achieved independence. The American people increasingly opposed the maintenance of European colonies in the New World, and they also wanted the United States to increase its influence and expand exchange relationships to South America. Faced with growing pressure from public opinion, in 1822, President James Monroe authorized recognition of new countries in Latin America and quickly exchanged diplomatic missions with these countries. The president has recognized them as truly independent nations, completely separated from their previous ties to Europe.

Faced with a boiling revolutionary situation, in September 1815, the Holy Alliance including Russia, Austria, and Prussia was established to protect these countries against revolutions. With its Old World activities, the Holy Alliance does not worry the United States. But when the Union announced its intention to restore Spain’s former colonies and there were signs that Russia was expanding its presence southward from Alaska to Oregon, the Americans began to worry.

On December 2, 1823, President Monroe, in his annual message to Congress, announced what came to be known as the Monroe Doctrine. The President announced as a matter of principle that: “The American continents, whose free and independent status has been recognized and maintained, shall henceforth no longer be considered as objects of future colonization. carried out by any European power”.

Next, in his address to the Holy Alliance, President Monroe declared that “we consider all efforts to extend the system of European powers in any part of the Western Hemisphere to be is a threat to our peace and security. With the existence of colonies or dependencies of any European power, we have not and will not interfere. But with governments that have declared their independence and defended that independence, and which we recognize, we will consider any intervention aimed at repression, or control of destiny. of them by any means by any European power demonstrates a hostile disposition towards the United States.” One can understand this statement as isolation from Europe, a unilateral statement that promotes the expansion of isolationism in the Western Hemisphere and refuses to participate in mandatory alliances.

The Monroe Doctrine is not something new but a synthesis of old principles and their application to current circumstances. The old principles here are the isolationist ideology that America pursued in its policymaking process in the early stages of its founding. The doctrine is also a theoretical justification for a policy that serves American interests based on three principles: “No colonies,” meaning that no European power can establish colonies in the future. hybrid in both North and South America; “No interference”, warning Europe not to interfere in US affairs; and “Non-interference in European affairs,” implying that the European political system is distinct from those in the Western Hemisphere.

Basically, the content of the Monroe Doctrine demonstrates the desire to make America the guarantor of the security and stability of the Western Hemisphere, and no other force has the right to interfere in this work. of America. Manifestations showing that the United States pursued this doctrine were the Mexican revolution in 1848, intervention in Cuba (1898), nationalization of the Panama Canal (1912), invasion of Haiti (1915), and the policy of anti-Semitism. Cuban communist government (since 1959). In particular, the construction of the Panama Canal from a geostrategic and geopolitical perspective is considered one of the greatest successes that the Monroe Doctrine had in the region.

The Monroe Doctrine marked America’s political and economic relations with Latin American countries throughout the second half of the 19th century and much of the 20th century. The doctrine was initially recognized by Latin American countries. Very positive. They saw it as a promise from America to help them maintain their independence and as a binding document for building a pan-American alliance. However, the doctrine has shown the selfishness of regional powers, wanting to hold in their hands what is nearby and not wanting outside intervention.

During the early days of the nation’s founding, American Presidents always followed isolationist ideology in planning foreign policy. The Monroe Doctrine is said to follow the same ideology. However, in essence, the Monroe Doctrine is not a pure isolationism but a doctrine of dividing America’s areas of influence and markets. The Americans ostensibly wanted to build a privileged relationship with the Caribbean and Central America, but in reality it was the beginning of a truly interventionist policy. This is explained because during this period, America was much weaker in both position and power compared to other powers in Europe, especially England and France. Therefore, the United States can only implement a policy of expanding its influence in the region if it does not encounter interference from European powers.

From here it can be seen that the US does not want to be isolated and has no ambitions to get involved with the outside world, but in fact the US wants to prevent European powers from expanding their influence and exchanging letters.

Trade with American countries because America wants to consider this as its natural “backyard”, its own area of influence. Thus, with the Monroe Doctrine and the motto “America belongs to the Americans”, the Americas, from being a colony of European colonialism, gradually became the exclusive area of influence of an increasingly growing America. grow strong.

; Học thuyết, Monroe Doctrine, học thuyết mô rô, monroe, James Monroe, Goverment, chính phủ, tổng thống, Hoa Kỳ, The Monroe Doctrine, America, 20th century, Các học thuyết.

Tags: America, Các học thuyết, chính phủ, Goverment, Hoa Kỳ, Học thuyết, học thuyết mô rô, James Monroe, monroe, Monroe Doctrine, The Monroe Doctrine, tổng thống